*發期中考考卷
The Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period in Europe, from the 14th to the 17th century, considered the bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history. It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Late Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe, marking the beginning of the Early Modern Age.
it is best known for its artistic developments and the contributions of such polymaths as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, who inspired the term "Renaissance man".
Leonardo da Vinci
He was an Italian polymath whose areas of interest included invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature, anatomy, geology, astronomy, botany, writing, history, and cartography. He has been variously called the father of paleontology, ichnology, and architecture, and is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time.
Paintings
Michelangelo
He was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer of the High Renaissance who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. Considered to be the greatest living artist during his lifetime, he has since also been described as one of the greatest artists of all time.
Works
The Sistine Chapel Ceiling
Gold, Frankincense, and Myrrh
According to the book of Matthew 2:11, gold, frankincense and myrrh were among the gifts to Jesus by the Biblical Magi "from the East."
Biblical Magi
scholars think that these three were chosen for their special spiritual symbolism about Jesus himself—gold representing his kingship, frankincense a symbol of his priestly role, and myrrh a prefiguring of his death and embalming—an interpretation made popular in the well-known Christmas carol “We Three Kings.”
Confessions(懺悔錄)
Confessions is the name of an autobiographical work, consisting of 13 books, by St. Augustine of Hippo, written in Latin between AD 397 and 400.
Confessions(告白)
Confessions is a 2010 Japanese drama film directed by Tetsuya Nakashima, based on housewife-turned-author Kanae Minato's 2008 debut mystery novel that won the 2009 Honya Taisho award (Japan Booksellers Award).
Ancient Athenian Drama
Three ancient Greek tragedians
Aeschylus was an ancient Greek tragedian. He is often described as the father of tragedy
Sophocles is one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived.His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus, and earlier than or contemporary with those of Euripides. Sophocles wrote 120 plays during the course of his life, but only seven have survived in a complete form: Ajax, Antigone, The Women of Trachis, Oedipus the King, Electra, Philoctetes and Oedipus at Colonus.
Euripides was a tragedian of classical Athens. He is one of the few whose plays have survived, with the others being Aeschylus, Sophocles, and potentially Euphorion. More of his plays have survived intact than those of Aeschylus and Sophocles together.
The Dionysia
The Dionysia was a large festival in ancient Athens in honor of the god Dionysus, the central events of which were the theatrical performances of dramatic tragedies and, from 487 BC, comedies.
Dionysus is the god of the grape harvest, wine making and wine, of ritual madness, fertility, theatre and religious ecstasy in Greek mythology. Alcohol, especially wine, played an important role in Greek culture with Dionysus being an important reason for this life style. Dionysus was the last god to be accepted into Mt. Olympus. He was the youngest and the only one to have a mortal mother.
In Greek mythology, a satyr is one of a troop of ithyphallic male companions of Dionysus with horse-like (equine) features, including a horse-tail, horse-like ears, and sometimes a horse-like phallus because of permanent erection. Early artistic representations sometimes include horse-like legs, but in 6th-century BC black-figure pottery human legs are the most common. In Roman Mythology there is a concept similar to satyrs, with goat-like features: the faun, being half-man, half-goat
The Muses in Greek mythology are the goddesses of the inspiration of literature, science, and the arts. They were considered the source of the knowledge embodied in the poetry, song-lyrics, and myths that were related orally for centuries in these ancient cultures. Antiquity set Apollo as their leader.
| Muse | Domain | Emblem |
|---|---|---|
| Calliope | Epic poetry | Writing tablet, Stylus, Lyre |
| Clio | History | Scrolls, Books, Cornet, Laurel wreath |
| Euterpe | Music, Song, andElegiac Poetry | Aulos (an ancient Greek musical instrument like a flute), panpipes, laurel wreath |
| Erato | Lyric poetry | Cithara (an ancient Greek musical instrument in the lyre family) |
| Melpomene | Tragedy | Tragic mask, Sword (or any kind of blade), Club, Kothornos (boots) |
| Polyhymnia | Hymns | Veil, Grapes (referring to her as an agricultural goddess) |
| Terpsichore | Dance | Lyre, Plectrum |
| Thalia | Comedy | Comic mask, Shepherd's crook (the vaudeville act of pulling someone off the stage with a hook is a reference to Thalia's crook), Ivy wreath |
| Urania | Astronomy | Globe and compass |
Dionysus <-----> Apollo
wild <-----> rationalistic
※Through drama, women in Greek can finally be wild, because in the real life, their status is never higher than men in Greek until now on.
Why we need to learn?
Samuel Ullman
Samuel Ullman was an American businessman, poet, humanitarian. He is best known today for his poem Youth which was a favorite of General Douglas MacArthur.
Samuel Ullman
Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.
Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity of the appetite, for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of sixty more than a boy of twenty. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.
Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.
Whether sixty or sixteen, there is in every human being's heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing child-like appetite of what's next, and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long are you young.
When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at twenty, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch the waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at eighty.
Detachment is a 2011 American drama film about the high school education system directed by Tony Kaye, starring Adrien Brody with an ensemble supporting cast.
Vocabulary and word
period → a length of time during which a series of events or an action takes place or is completed (時期,週期,當代)
genre → a particular type or category of literature or art (類型,流派) ※他是一個法文字
conversion → the act or process of changing from one religion, belief, political party, etc., to another(改變信仰)
tri → three, for example, trilogy(三部曲)